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Bakio

ID #020
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General Information

Structure type
Deformed/Undeformed
Geological Setting ,
Outcropping/buried
Evaporite unit/s name
Evaporite unit/s age
Evaporite unit/s origin
Classif. (Hudec and Jackson, 2009)
Classif. (Jackson and Talbot, 1986) ,
Age of evaporite flow or deformation (when deformed)
Other comments Early stage (Neocomian) of active reactive growth proposed by Roca et al. (2020).

Location

Location

Map (detail)

Location
Location

Geological map

Location

Cross section

Location

Structure type (Hudec and Jackson, 2009)

Location

Regional Stratigraphy

Location

Other maps 1

Location

Other maps 2

Generic Data

Unique ID 20
Name Bakio
Structure type Evaporite diapir
Deformed/Undeformed Deformed
Buried/Outcropping Outcropping
Geological setting Basque-Cantabrian Basin
Geological Regional Setting Basque Arc
Evaporite unit/s name Keuper facies
Evaporite unit/s age Carnian-Rhaetian (Upper Triassic)
Evaporite unit/s era Mesozoic
Evaporite unit/s origin Marine
Evaporite unit/s composition Claystone-Gypsum-Halite-Anhydrite-Ophites
Post-kinematic unit/s (or post-evaporite units when evaporites are undeformed) Quaternary (alluvial and colluvial detrital deposits)
Post-kinematic unit/s age (or post-evaporite units when evaporites are undeformed) Pleistocene-Holocene
Classification (Hudec and Jackson, 2009) Passive piercement
Classification (Jackson and Talbot, 1986) Salt wall
Mining activity? N
Mining activity start
Mining activity end
Mining galleries?
Mining products
Mining sub-products
Evaporite flow? Y
Age of evaporite flow Early Aptian – early Cenomanian
Flow or deformation triggering mechanisms High angle regional extensional faults
Flow-linked structures? Y
Halokinetic structures Progressive unconformities / Normal high-angle faults / joints / thickness variations
Post-evaporite and pre-kinematic unit/s (overbuden) Jurassic (dolostones, marls and oolitic limestones) and Neocomian (limestones, marlstones and sandstones)
Syn-kinematic unit/s Aptian-middle Albian (Urgonian Group: marlstones, marly limestones, packstones, carbonate brecchias, rudistid limestones; Punta del Bakio Unit: turbidites, mudstones and carbonate grainstones) / Upper Albian-lower Cenomanian (Deva Formation: pebbly sandstones, siliciclastic sandstones and mudstones; Cabo Villano Formation: mudstones; Plenzia Formation: marlstones, siliciclastic sandstones and carbonate sandstones)
Available seismic profiles BR-8 / BR85-25 / BR85-26 / SBR-30 / BR-89-02 / BR-89-03 / SBR-8 / BR-89-03 / BR-89-02 / SBR-52 / BR-30 / BR-52 / BR-8 / BR-89-04 / BR-89-02 / BR-89-04 / BR-89-03 / BR-89-02 / BR-89-03 / BR85-26 / BR85-25
Available boreholes (Private Access): Cormoran-1 / Alda-1 / Antezana-1 / Sant Antonio-1 / Marinda-1 / Gastaín-1 / Zuñiga-1 / Castillo-2
Additional comments Early stage (Neocomian) of active reactive growth proposed by Roca et al. (2020)

Mining Data

UNIQUE_ID 20
Minning exploitations within <2km? N
Historical/Active
Exploitation name #1
Exploitation ID (Spanish National Mining Cadastre) #1
Municipality #1
Province #1
Company #1
Main minning Products #1
Exploitation name #2
Exploitation ID (Spanish National Mining Cadastre) #2
Municipality #2
Province #2
Company #2
Main minning Products #2
Exploitation name #3
Exploitation ID (Spanish National Mining Cadastre) #3
Municipality #3
Province #3
Company #3
Main minning Products #3

Quantitative Data

UNIQUE_ID 20
Outcropping area (km2) 2.77332
Horizontal intersection area (km2) (when buried) Not buried
Depth of intersection area (km2) (when buried) Not buried
Max. Width (Km) 1.7
Max. Length (Km) 2.6
Max. Evaporites thickness (km) 4
Max. Deformation age (Ma) 125
Min. Deformation age (Ma) 100
Deformation stages 1

Reference Data

UNIQUE_ID 20
Section source Roca, E., Ferrer, O., Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Butillé, M., Giles, K. A., Arbués, P., de Matteis, M., 2020. Salt tectonics and controls on halokinetic-sequence development of an exposed deepwater diapir: The Bakio Diapir, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Pyrenees. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 104770. [link]
Well / Borehole availability #1 Gómez, M., Vergés, J., Riaza, C., 2002. Inversion tectonics of the northern margin of the Basque Cantabrian Basin. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 173(5), 449-459. [link]
Well / Borehole availability #2 Roca, E., Ferrer, O., Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Butillé, M., Giles, K. A., Arbués, P., de Matteis, M., 2020. Salt tectonics and controls on halokinetic-sequence development of an exposed deepwater diapir: The Bakio Diapir, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Pyrenees. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 104770. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #1 Poprawski, Y., Basile, C., Agirrezabala, L.M., Jaillard, E., Gaudin, M., Jacquin, T., 2014. Sedimentary and structural record of the Bakio salt diapir (the Basque Country, northern Spain). Basin Research 26, 746-766. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #2 Roca, E., Ferrer, O., Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Butillé, M., Giles, K. A., Arbués, P., de Matteis, M., 2020. Salt tectonics and controls on halokinetic-sequence development of an exposed deepwater diapir: The Bakio Diapir, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Pyrenees. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 104770. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #3 Poprawski, Y., Christophe, B., Etienne, J., Matthieu, G. & Michel, L., 2016. Halokinetic sequences in carbonate systems: an example from the middle Albian Bakio breccias formation (Basque Country, Spain). Sedimentary Geology 334, 34-52. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #4 Frankovic, A., 2011. Analisis cinematico de la pared de sal Euskal Balea (Golfo de Vizcaya) y de los diapiros salinos de Salinas de Añana y Maestu (Cuenca Vasco-Cantabrica, Alava) [Ph.D thesis]: Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU, Bilbao. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #5 Bodego, A., Iriarte, E., Agirrezabala, L.M., García-Mondejar, J., López-Horgue, M.A., 2015. Synextensional mid-Cretaceous stratigraphy architecture of the Eastern Basque-Cantabrian basin margin (western Pyrenees). Cretaceous Research, 55, 229-261. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #6 Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Giles, K. A., Roca, E., Hearon IV, T. E., Fiduk, J. C., Ferrer, O., Fischer, M. P., 2020. Folding and fracturing of rocks adjacent to salt diapirs. Journal of Structural Geology, 104187. [link]
Regional Stratigraphy Pedrera, A., García‐Senz, J., Ayala, C., Ruiz‐Constán, A., Rodríguez‐Fernández, L. R., Robador, A., González Menéndez, L., 2017. Reconstruction of the exhumed mantle across the North Iberian Margin by crustal‐scale 3‐D gravity inversion and geological cross section. Tectonics, 36, 3155-3177. [link]
Seismic data availability #1 Roca, E., Ferrer, O., Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Butillé, M., Giles, K. A., Arbués, P., de Matteis, M., 2020. Salt tectonics and controls on halokinetic-sequence development of an exposed deepwater diapir: The Bakio Diapir, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Pyrenees. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 104770. [link]
Seismic data availability #2 Poprawski, Y., Basile, C., 2018. Long-lasting diapir growth history in the Basque-Cantabrian basin (Northern Spain): a review. Conference poster, Advances in Salt Tectonics: Observations, Applications, and Perspective: In Honor of Martin P.A. Jackson. [link]
Seismic data availability #3 n.a.
Available data (Structure) #1 Poprawski, Y., Basile, C., Agirrezabala, L.M., Jaillard, E., Gaudin, M., Jacquin, T., 2014. Sedimentary and structural record of the Bakio salt diapir (the Basque Country, northern Spain). Basin Research 26, 746-766. [link]
Available data (Structure) #2 Roca, E., Ferrer, O., Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Butillé, M., Giles, K. A., Arbués, P., de Matteis, M., 2020. Salt tectonics and controls on halokinetic-sequence development of an exposed deepwater diapir: The Bakio Diapir, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Pyrenees. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 104770. [link]
Available data (Structure) #3 Rowan, M. G., Muñoz, J. A., Giles, K. A., Roca, E., Hearon IV, T. E., Fiduk, J. C., Ferrer, O., Fischer, M. P., 2020. Folding and fracturing of rocks adjacent to salt diapirs. Journal of Structural Geology, 104187. [link]
Available data (Structure) #4 García-Mondéjar, J., Agirrezabala, L.M., Aramburu, A., Fernández-Mendiola,P.A., Gómez-Pérez, I., López-Horgue, M., Rosales, I., 1996. Aptian-Albian tectonic pattern of the Basque-Cantabrian basin (northern Spain). Geological Journal, 31, 13–45. [link]
Available data (Structure) #5 Gómez, M., Vergés, J., Riaza, C., 2002. Inversion tectonics of the northern margin of the Basque Cantabrian Basin. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 173(5), 449-459. [link]
Available data (Structure) #6 Poprawski, Y., Basile, C., 2018. Long-lasting diapir growth history in the Basque-Cantabrian basin (Northern Spain): a review. Conference poster, Advances in Salt Tectonics: Observations, Applications, and Perspective: In Honor of Martin P.A. Jackson. [link]
Available data (Analogue modelling) #1 n.a.
Available data (Analogue modelling) #2 n.a.
Available data (Analogue modelling) #3 n.a.
Available data (Gravimetry – Tomography) #1 Nettleton, L.L., 1968. Gravity anomalies over salt diapirs, northern Spain. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 88, 75–82. [link]
Available data (Gravimetry – Tomography) #2 Pedrera, A., García‐Senz, J., Ayala, C., Ruiz‐Constán, A., Rodríguez‐Fernández, L. R., Robador, A., González Menéndez, L., 2017. Reconstruction of the exhumed mantle across the North Iberian Margin by crustal‐scale 3‐D gravity inversion and geological cross section. Tectonics, 36, 3155-3177. [link]
Available data (Gravimetry – Tomography) #3 Ayala, C., Bohoyo, F., Maestro, A., Reguera, M. I., Torne, M., Rubio, F., Fernández, M., García-Lobón, J. L., 2016. Updated Bouguer anomalies of the Iberian Peninsula: a new perspective to interpret the regional geology. Journal of Maps, 12(5), 1089-1092. [link]
Available data (Geochemistry) #1 Iribar, V., Ábalos, B. 2011. The geochemical and isotopic record of evaporite recycling in spas and salterns of the Basque Cantabrian basin, Spain. Applied geochemistry, 26, 1315-1329. [link]
Available data (Geochemistry) #2 Ortí, F., García-Veigas, J., Rossell, L., Jurado, M. J., Utrilla, R., 1996. Formaciones salinas de las cuencas triásicas en la Península Ibérica: Caracterización Petrológica y Geoquímica. Cuadernos de Geología Ibérica, 20, 13-35. [link]
Available data (Geochemistry) #3 Béziat, D., Joron, J.L., Monchoux, P., Treuil, M., Walgenwitz, F., 1991. Geodynamic implications of geochemical data for the Pyrenean ophites (Spain-France). Chemical Geology, 89, 243-262. [link]
Available data (Geochemistry) #4 n.a.
Available data (Petrophysics) #1 Soto, R., Beamud, E., Roca, E., Carola, E., Almar, Y., 2017. Distinguishing the effect of diapir growth on magnetic fabrics of syn-diapiric overburden rocks: Basque-Cantabrian basin, Northern Spain. Terra Nova 29, 191-201. [link]
Available data (Petrophysics) #2 Llamas, B., Castañeda, M. C., Laín, C., Pous, J., 2017. Study of the Basque–Cantabrian basin as a suitable region for the implementation of an energy storage system based on compressed air energy storage (CAES). Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(5), 204. [link]
IGME Geological Map (MAGNA50) Sheet number 37-Algorta. [link]
Other Maps #1 (source) Perona, J., 2016. Mineralizaciones de Pb-Zn asociadas a los diapiros de Murguía y Orduña (Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica) [PhD thesis]: Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 281 pp. [link]
Other Maps #2 (source) Beamud, E., Soto, R., Roca, E., Carola, E., Almar, Y., Escosa, F., 2016. Datos paleomagnéticos en materiales sin-diapíricos Aptienses-Albienses (cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica, N Iberia). Geo-Temas, 16, 793-796. [link]
Other related references #1 Arbués, P., Ferrer, O., Roca, E., Giles, K., Rowan, M., De Matteis, M., Muñoz, J.A., 2012. The Bakio salt wall and its effects on synkinematic deepwater sedimentation (Basque Pyrenees, Northern Spain). In: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 14, Vienna, Austria, pp. 9659.
Other related references #2 Ferrer, O., Arbues, P., Roca, E., Giles, K., Rowan, M. G., De Matteis, M., Muñoz, J. A., 2014. Effect of Diapir Growth on Synkinematic Deepwater Sedimentation: The Bakio Diapir (Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain). AAPG 2014 Annual Convention and Exhibition.
Other related references #3 Robles, S., Pujalte, V., Vicente, J.C., Quesada, S., 1989. Estratigrafia secuencial del Flysch Negro Vascocantábrico en la transversal de Bilbao. Volumen XII Congreso Español de Sedimentología, Leioa-Bilbao 1989, pp. 177-186.
Other related references #4 Cámara, P., 2020. Inverted turtle salt anticlines in the eastern basque-cantabrian basin, Spain. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 104358. [link]