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Espiche

ID #141
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General Information

Structure type
Deformed/Undeformed
Geological Setting ,
Outcropping/buried
Evaporite unit/s name
Evaporite unit/s age
Evaporite unit/s origin
Classif. (Hudec and Jackson, 2009)
Classif. (Jackson and Talbot, 1986)
Age of evaporite flow or deformation (when deformed) , ,
Other comments Linked to the south-eastwards dipping Espiche normal fault, overprinted by a southeast vergent thrust. Salt wall was overprinted by the pre-Miocene contractional tectonics in the Algarve basin. The Espiche fault is the western continuation of the Algibre Fault, which controlled the evaporite deposition (no evaporites found north of the Algibre Fault).

Location

Location

Map (detail)

Location
Location

Geological map

Location

Cross section

Location

Structure type (Hudec and Jackson, 2009)

Location

Regional Stratigraphy

Location

Other maps 1

Location

Other maps 2

Generic Data

Unique ID 141
Name Espiche
Structure type Evaporite diapir
Deformed/Undeformed Deformed
Buried/Outcropping Outcropping
Geological setting Algarve basin
Geological Regional Setting Western Domain
Evaporite unit/s name Hettangian Evaporites
Evaporite unit/s age Hettangian (Lower Jurassic)
Evaporite unit/s era Mesozoic
Evaporite unit/s origin Marine
Evaporite unit/s composition Claystonestone-Gypsum-Halite
Post-kinematic unit/s (or post-evaporite units when evaporites are undeformed) Pliocene and Quaternary (alluvial and colluvial detrital deposits)
Post-kinematic unit/s age (or post-evaporite units when evaporites are undeformed) Pliocene-Holocene
Classification (Hudec and Jackson, 2009) Passive Piercement
Classification (Jackson and Talbot, 1986) Salt wall
Mining activity? N
Mining activity start
Mining activity end
Mining galleries?
Mining products
Mining sub-products
Evaporite flow? Y
Age of evaporite flow Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and Oligocene (reactivation stage)
Flow or deformation triggering mechanisms Extensional regime in the Algarve basin (main stage) Alpine compression (reactivation stage)
Flow-linked structures? Y
Halokinetic structures Syncline-Anticline folding / thrust faults / halite recrystallization veins / progressive unconformities
Post-evaporite and pre-kinematic unit/s (overbuden) Early Jurassic (dolostones and limestones)
Syn-kinematic unit/s Callovian (yellow marls and limestones) ; Oxfordian (limestones and marly limestones intercalation) ; Kimmeridgian (limestones and dolostones) ; Tithonian (limestones) Lower Cretaceous (limestones, marlstones, conglomerates and sandstones)
Available seismic profiles
Available boreholes
Additional comments Linked to the south-eastwards dipping Espiche normal fault, overprinted by a southeast vergent thrust. Salt wall was overprinted by the pre-Miocene contractional tectonics in the Algarve basin. The Espiche fault is the Espiche Fault is the western continuation of the Algibre Fault, which controlled the evaporite deposition (no evaporites found north of the Algibre Fault

Mining Data

UNIQUE_ID 141
Minning exploitations within <2km? N
Historical/Active
Exploitation name #1
Exploitation ID (Spanish National Mining Cadastre) #1
Municipality #1
Province #1
Company #1
Main minning Products #1
Exploitation name #2
Exploitation ID (Spanish National Mining Cadastre) #2
Municipality #2
Province #2
Company #2
Main minning Products #2
Exploitation name #3
Exploitation ID (Spanish National Mining Cadastre) #3
Municipality #3
Province #3
Company #3
Main minning Products #3

Quantitative Data

UNIQUE_ID 141
Outcropping area (km2) 2.21025
Horizontal intersection area (km2) (when buried) Not buried
Depth of intersection area (km2) (when buried) Not buried
Max. Width (Km) 7.5
Max. Length (Km) 0.9
Max. Evaporites thickness (km) 1
Max. Deformation age (Ma) 166
Min. Deformation age (Ma) 23
Deformation stages 2

Reference Data

UNIQUE_ID 141
Section source Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., & Muñoz, J. A., 2016. Extension and inversion structures in the Tethys–Atlantic linkage zone, Algarve Basin, Portugal. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 105(5), 1663-1679. [link]
Well / Borehole availability #1 n.a.
Well / Borehole availability #2 n.a.
Available data (Stratigraphy) #1 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., & Muñoz, J. A., 2017. Neogene to recent contraction and basin inversion along the Nubia‐Iberia boundary in SW Iberia. Tectonics, 36(2), 257-286. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #2 Stow, D. A., Faugères, J. C., Gonthier, E., Cremer, M., Llave, E., Hernández-Molina, F. J., …, Diaz-Del-Rio, V., 2002. Faro-Albufeira drift complex, northern Gulf of Cadiz. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 22(1), 137-154. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #3 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Muñoz, J. A., Terrinha, P., 2017. Impact of basin structure and evaporite distribution on salt tectonics in the Algarve Basin, Southwest Iberian margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88, 961-984. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #4 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., & Muñoz, J. A., 2016. Extension and inversion structures in the Tethys–Atlantic linkage zone, Algarve Basin, Portugal. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 105(5), 1663-1679. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #5 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., Muñoz, J. A., Arnaiz, Á., 2020. Paleogeographic evolution of a segmented oblique passive margin: the case of the SW Iberian margin. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 109, 1871-1895. [link]
Available data (Stratigraphy) #6 Terrinha, P., Rocha, R., Rey, J., Cachão, M., Moura, D., Roque, C., …, Bensalah, M. K., 2006. A Bacia do Algarve: Estratigrafia, paleogeografia e tectónica. Geologia de Portugal no contexto da Ibéria, 1-138. [link]
Regional Stratigraphy Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., & Muñoz, J. A., 2017. Neogene to recent contraction and basin inversion along the Nubia‐Iberia boundary in SW Iberia. Tectonics, 36(2), 257-286. [link]
Seismic data availability #1 n.a.
Seismic data availability #2 n.a.
Seismic data availability #3 n.a.
Available data (Structure) #1 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., & Muñoz, J. A., 2017. Neogene to recent contraction and basin inversion along the Nubia‐Iberia boundary in SW Iberia. Tectonics, 36(2), 257-286. [link]
Available data (Structure) #2 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Muñoz, J. A., Terrinha, P., 2017. Impact of basin structure and evaporite distribution on salt tectonics in the Algarve Basin, Southwest Iberian margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88, 961-984. [link]
Available data (Structure) #3 Lopes, F. C., Cunha, P. P., Le Gall, B., 2006. Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Algarve margin (offshore Portugal, southwestern Iberian Peninsula). Marine Geology, 231(1-4), 1-36. [link]
Available data (Structure) #4 Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., Muñoz, J. A., Arnaiz, Á., 2020. Paleogeographic evolution of a segmented oblique passive margin: the case of the SW Iberian margin. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 109, 1871-1895. [link]
Available data (Structure) #5 Matias, H., Kress, P., Terrinha, P., Mohriak, W., Menezes, P. T., Matias, L., Santos, F., Sandnes, F., 2011. Salt tectonics in the western Gulf of Cadiz, southwest Iberia. AAPG bulletin, 95(10), 1667-1698. [link]
Available data (Structure) #6 Kullberg, J. C., Pais, J., Manuppella, G., 2009. Aspectos gerais da tectónica alpina no Algarve. Ciências da Terra/Earth Sciences Journal, 11. [link]
Available data (Analogue modelling) #1 n.a.
Available data (Analogue modelling) #2 n.a.
Available data (Analogue modelling) #3 n.a.
Available data (Gravimetry – Tomography) #1 Ayala, C., Bohoyo, F., Maestro, A., Reguera, M. I., Torne, M., Rubio, F., Fernández, M., García-Lobón, J. L., 2016. Updated Bouguer anomalies of the Iberian Peninsula: a new perspective to interpret the regional geology. Journal of Maps, 12(5), 1089-1092. [link]
Available data (Gravimetry – Tomography) #2 n.a.
Available data (Gravimetry – Tomography) #3 n.a.
Available data (Geochemistry) #1 n.a.
Available data (Geochemistry) #2 n.a.
Available data (Geochemistry) #3 n.a.
Available data (Geochemistry) #4 n.a.
Available data (Petrophysics) #1 n.a.
Available data (Petrophysics) #2 n.a.
IGME Geological Map (MAGNA50) Sheet number n.a.
Other Maps #1 (source) Ramos, A., Fernández, O., Terrinha, P., & Muñoz, J. A., 2017. Neogene to recent contraction and basin inversion along the Nubia‐Iberia boundary in SW Iberia. Tectonics, 36(2), 257-286. [link]
Other Maps #2 (source) Marques, F., 2018. Regional scale sea cliff hazard assessment at Sintra and Cascais counties, western coast of Portugal. Geosciences, 8(3), 80. [link]
Other related references #1 Terrinha, P., Kullberg, J. C., Neres, M., Alves, T., Ramos, A., Ribeiro, C., …, Fernández, Ó., 2019. Rifting of the southwest and west Iberia continental margins.In: Quesada C., Oliveira J. (eds) The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. [link]
Other related references #2 García, M., Llave, E., Hernandez-Molina, F. J., Lobo, F. J., Ercilla, G., Alonso, B., …, Fernandez-Salas, L. M., 2020. The role of late Quaternary tectonic activity and sea-level changes on sedimentary processes interaction in the Gulf of Cadiz upper and middle continental slope (SW Iberia). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 121, 104595. [link]
Other related references #3 Ribeiro, C., Terrinha, P., Andrade, A., Fonseca, B., Caetano, M., Neres, M., …, Manhita, A, 2017. Non-halide sediments from the Loule diapir salt mine: characterization and environmental significance. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (p. 17094). [link]
Other related references #4 Luján, M., Lobo, F. J., Mestdagh, T., Vázquez, J. T., Fernández-Puga, M. C., Van Rooij, D., 2020. Pliocene-Quaternary deformational structures in the eastern Algarve continental shelf, Gulf of Cadiz. Geogaceta, 67, 3-6. [link]